Nestled within the picturesque landscapes of Massa Lubrense, the Castle of Annunziata stands as a silent witness to centuries of tumultuous history. From its origins in the medieval Ducato Sorrentino to its role in defending against Turkish invasions, the castle’s story is intertwined with the rich tapestry of the Sorrentine Peninsula.

The Ducato Sorrentino Period

Dating back to the 10th to 12th centuries, the construction of a “castrum,” or fortified citadel, in Annunziata served as a strategic stronghold in the Ducato Sorrentino. Positioned atop a defensible terrain, the citadel was a testament to the region’s political and military significance during this era.

However, the turbulent events that led to the collapse of the Sveva Monarchy saw the Angioin dynasty ascend to power in Naples. In a bid to assert control, King Charles I ordered the complete destruction of Annunziata’s fortifications in 1266, punishing the steadfast “Ghibelline” populace of Massa Lubrense. This decree not only resulted in the loss of the castrum but also marked the incorporation of Massa Lubrense into the Sorrentine territories.

The Angevin Period

It wasn’t until 1389, under the reign of King Ladislaus of Durazzo, that a new fortified nucleus emerged in Annunziata. Nobleman Pietro Acciapaccia was granted permission to reconstruct a castle, extending its reach to the neighboring hamlet of Santa Maria, thus forming the “Corpus Civitatis.”

This fortified structure endured until 1465 when, besieged by the Aragonese, the people of Massa Lubrense surrendered due to dwindling supplies and the fear of impending destruction. Despite their loyalty to the Angevins, Queen Isabella granted Massa Lubrense an honorable surrender, only to later order the castle’s demolition in 1465 as a means of settling old scores.

The Turkish Invasion

Following the devastating “Turkish sack” of June 13, 1558, Massa Lubrense found itself vulnerable and defenseless against further attacks. With only four coastal towers and a handful of internal protective towers, the town was ill-equipped to withstand future incursions.

In response, the town’s administration, led by Bishop Giovanni Andrea Bellone, embarked on a project to fortify Annunziata once more. Mathematician and engineer Giacomo Lanteri devised a plan approved by Emperor Philip II, envisioning a fortified wall with four bastions to safeguard against enemy raids.

The Refortification

Construction commenced in 1564, overseen by master builders Giovan Marino and Paolo de la Monica. Despite financial setbacks, work progressed sporadically until 1636 when the ancient church of San Nicolò was demolished to make way for a cylindrical tower, later equipped with a bell and transformed into a civic clock tower.

Today, only the eastern bastion of the ancient fortification remains intact. Visitors can explore the tower’s interior, marveling at its architectural layers that date back to the late 16th century. While the castle’s original purpose may have been defensive, its legacy now lies in its historical significance and panoramic views of Capri and the Gulf of Naples.

Legacy and Remnants

Though the Castle of Annunziata may no longer serve its original defensive function, its enduring presence is a testament to the resilience of Massa Lubrense’s inhabitants throughout history. As visitors wander through its remnants, they’re transported back in time, where the echoes of past conflicts and triumphs resonate amidst the tranquil landscapes of the Sorrentine Peninsula.